"When I write Indian songs, I try to imagine what might come out of Monk's mouth...." -Dr. John
In January, tens of thousands of Hawaii residents descended into New Orleans carrying plenty of Aloha and boisterous fervor for the University of Hawaii Warriors football team. Big Chief Monk Boudreaux is now returning the favor by sharing his Mardi Gras Indian spirit with Honolulu.
Monk is THE Big - Big Chief, both a cultural leader and icon in the Crescent City. To many New Orleans residents, Mardi Gras Indians are the soul of both Mardi Gras and the city, and for almost fifty years, Monk has been a driving force in Mardi Gras Indian performances and traditional practices. The rituals were originally created by African-Americans in the 1800's to pay tribute to Native American Indians who frequently assisted slaves in their quest for freedom. Those traditions were heavily influenced by both Native American and African culture with the Mardi Gras Indian costumes featuring the intricate beadwork of Native Americans and Mardi Gras Indian music focusing on African call and response rhythms.
Since it's formation, the Mardi Gras Indian culture has been passed down from generation to generation by people like Monk Boudreaux, and the culture's influence on the Crescent City cannot be understated. Much of the jazz and funk that has for so long defined New Orleans grew out of Mardi Gras Indian music with 'trademark' New Orleans songs such as "Iko Iko" clearly coming from Indian music. In addition, the city's world renowned Mardi Gras celebration centers on Mardi Gras Indian practices.
Amidst this great tradition, Monk Boudreaux's performances and recordings have become the bench mark for traditional music and dance in New Orleans. As stated by Dr. John, "When I write Indian songs, I try to imagine what might come out of Monk's mouth...." To put Monk's role into local context, he is one of the most respected kumus in the community. That admiration has been well-earned through the passion, talent, commitment and caring that Monk has exuded for so many years.
Further insights into the wonderful Mardi Gras Indian Culture are provided below along with news articles delving into the life of Big Chief Monk Boudreaux and Mardi Gras Indian Practices.
News Articles:
"Perfectly Suited", Gambit Weekly, February 21, 2006: "With needle, thread, beads and 40 years of experience, Big Chief Monk Boudreaux builds yet another new suit for Mardi Gras..."
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"Trail of Feathers", Gambit Weekly, March 13, 2007: "The current fortunes of Mardi Gras Indians run the gamut in the same way that the fortunes of all inhabitants of New Orleans do..."
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"For This Super Sunday, It's All About Mardi Gras Revelry", New York Times, March 22, 2004: "It took Tootie Montana an hour to put on his suit this particular Sunday. That's because his suit was an architectural marvel..."
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"A Colorful Farewell for the Chief of Chiefs", New York Times, July 11, 2005.
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Mardi Gras Indian Culture:
The Traditions and Rituals of Mardi Gras Indians are Spiritual Experiences and a Way of Life:
"You start sewing when the spirit hits you, and you aren't going to stop. . . It's not just masking. It's a true feeling that runs deep inside. . . It's the true feeling, the spirit in you that guides you."
- Big Chief Monk Boudreaux
"The tradition is still strong. It's not going to die out. Masking is very spiritual. Being an Indian is a way of life. People won't give that up."
- Chance Hamson-Nelson, daughter of the late Big Chief Donald Harrison Sr. of the Guardians of the Flame
"I'm a black Mardi Gras Indian, but every time I sew a patch -- a piece of beadwork -- it's spiritual, and it's about the Native American."
- Larry Bannock, the Big Chief of the Golden Star Hunters
"A lot of people this year lost their pieces in the flood. I lost mine, and I started last week, but I'm going to make a new suit no matter how many people say it's impossible. . . I'm compelled to do it. I have to do it, especially this year [the 1st Mardi Gras following Katrina]. This year my suit has a million beads. I have a hard time breaking away from sewing. The depth of my suit is so great that I get into a trance and I have to pull myself out of it. The suit pull me in, and then I have to pull myself out. It holds me."
- Big Chief Victor Harris of Seventh Ward's Fi-Yi-Yi Tribe
New Suits:
- It is a long-standing tradition for the Big Chief of a Mardi Gras Indian tribe to spend countless hours and thousands of dollars making a new suit each and every year.
- The process, known as "masking," typically consumes 12 months of effort as an endless collection of beads, feathers and jewels must be interwoven to make each new suit.
- The styles of suits vary by region with downtown New Orleans being famous for three dimensional suits best exemplified by the late Chief of Chiefs Tootie Montana and uptown New Orleans suits hailed for intricate beadwork such as the beautiful designs of Big Chief Monk Boudreaux.
Parades:
- The New Orleans calendar contains three major Mardi Gras Indian parades each year: Mardi Gras Day (Fat Tuesday), St. Joseph's Day and Super Sunday.
- Mardi Gras Day: One of the most celebrated Mardi Gras Indian traditions is for members of a tribe to gather at the Big Chief's house at daybreak on Lundi Gras Day (Fat Tuesday, the day before the commencement of Lent) and wait for their leader to emerge in his new suit. The Big Chief, who often has stayed up all night finishing his suit and suits for his children and/or grandchildren, leads his tribe on a day long march through their neighborhood and surrounding areas.
- St. Joseph's Day: Every year, on the night of March 19th (St. Joseph's Day), Mardi Gras Indians lead a momentous parade about the city. St. Joseph's Day is an Italian-catholic holiday and is celebrated by the Mardi Gras Indians due to their long-standing ties with the New Orleans Italian community which has a long and rich history in New Orleans. Historically, the day after St. Joseph's Day, Big Chiefs begin preparing their new suits for next year's Mardi Gras celebration.
- Super Sunday: Super Sunday typically takes place on the Sunday after St. Joseph's Day. It involves two parades (one uptown and one downtown) with nearly every tribe in the city taking center stage - free of the distractions of Mardi Gras.
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